how does an electric guitar work?

i am doing some research on how electric guitars work, i have some basic ideas of how the vibration of the string is converted into electricity via the pickup.
but im still not sure.
here are the things i need help with
1. how do standing waves relate to guitars?
2. how is the frequency of the note affected by the properties of the string?
3. how does the pick-up work?
4. how do we adjust the output volume of the guitar?
any help is appreciated, thank you.

1. A standing wave on a string on the guitar varies depending where it is plucked. if you pluck in the middle it vibrates at its fundamental with a maximum ( antinode) at the centre. Plucking/fretting at other places produces overtones.
2. Frequency depends on length, tension and mass per unit length(or thickness)
3. The pick ups are electromagnets. When the vibrating string is above it , it induces and small current in proportion to the vibration. this small current can be amplified and sent to a loudspeaker.
4. Loudness mostly depends on the amplifier itself – usually changing the applied (input) voltage to the ampliefier is the simplest way of controlling output volume – although plucking the string harder gives it a bigger amplitude so increasing the induced current in the pick up.

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